Category 

Subcategory 

Explanation 

A. General 

this includes relevant general info about the legal system (e.g., common-law or civil-law), official website where laws or case law are published, etc. 

B. Official ID instruments 

‘official’ means: specified by law as being a legally accepted means of identification; usually, this will refer to government-issued ID documents and numbers 

B1. Official ID documents  

B2. Official ID numbers 

e.g., social-security number, citizen number 

B3. Electronic ID 

this will mention legislation that allows or establishes electronic forms or aspects of official identification means, such as an official citizen chip card, and biometrics in official ID documents 

B4. Obligations to Carry ID 

C. Identification duties 

C1. Show ID – criminal law 

e.g., general power for police to request an ID, to investigate crimes or to maintain public order 

C2. Show ID – other public law 

e.g., in voting, marrying, applying for a passport, being a witness in legal case; only to be included where examples are readily available, as a sample 

C3. Show ID – private law 

e.g., banking (know your customer), buying restricted goods, buying real-estate, car-rental; only to be included where examples are readily available, as a sample 

C4. Prohibitions of anonymity 

in criminal law, e.g., hit-and-run offences, and in private law, e.g., ISP liability, distance selling (provider must publish address on website) 

D. Identity-related crime 

D1. ID-specific crimes 

specific criminalisation of ID theft, ID fraud, or ID-document crimes (e.g., fraud, forgery, theft, damage, trade, receiving of official ID document or of unofficial ID document) 

D2. Fraud 

general fraud, specific forms of fraud (e.g., paper fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, computer fraud, Internet fraud, financial institution fraud) 

D3. Forgery 

D4. Damage 

damage to goods, damage to computer data 

D5. Data abuse 

unlawful data collection, unlawful data use, data-protection law if specifically related to ID-related crime 

D6. Imposture  

E. Private-law infringements of identity 

E1. Tort  

E2. Personality rights 

including portrait rights 

Z. References 

links to websites and documents; references to literature