D11.1: Collection of Topics and Clusters of Mobility and Identity – Towards a Taxonomy of Mobility and Identity

Title: (LBS)

LBS are essentially information services that exploit the ability of technology to know where things are located, and to modify the information it presents accordingly (cp. ). In D11.2 we want to take a closer look at the topic of “Mobility and Location Based Services”. A major task of this deliverable will be the evaluation of Location Based Services (LBS) from the perspective of technology, profiling, identification, and privacy, starting with an overview of “Location Based Services” (LBS) on the basis of typical Use Cases. Questions that need to be answered as a next step are: What is the Connection between LBS and Mobile Identity? What is the influence of Mobile Identity on LBS? Furthermore, we are going to present the different perspectives, especially of the other work packages, on LBS.

Figure : Mobile services and the transfer of partial identities.

D11.3: Economic aspects of mobility and identity

In this study, the economic evaluation of mobile identity management systems and their influences on our everyday life will be the central topic. New business models, business processes, and mobile services will be the key factors that will be analysed. Also, the market acceptance and the general mechanisms for the diffusion of new technologies into an emerging market will be taken into consideration.  

D11.5: Study on private and public access to identifiable location data

Furthermore, a study on “Private and public access to identifiable location data” will address the (lack of) legal framework relating to the use of identifiable location data by public parties (law enforcement) and private parties (employers). Not only various forms of mobile ID systems will be taken into account and mapped, but also the outcome of these systems in the form of the resulting location data. The study will analyse to what extent the police have access to the location data in the various systems, based on the powers they have. A further interesting question is whether private parties, who lack the powers the police have, such as employers, have any legal ground to access these systems. This question is of importance as employers increasingly make use of positioning systems in order to monitor their employees, or to manage them on the basis of location data gathered through these systems. Not only the legitimacy but also the technical specifications of monitoring and positioning systems will be taken into account. More specifically the question whether third party access to location data is desirable in view of privacy issues and ‘a right to anonymity’ will be addressed. These rights will be evaluated in view of the interests of the third party as well as the public interest. Not only the legal powers to access data and the legal guarantees against misuse of these data will be addressed, but the technical specifications of mobile id systems that can influence access and use of data will be taken into account. The main questions to be addressed are:  

• What guarantees (legal as well as technical) (need to) exist in order to counterbalance the empowerment of employers caused by monitoring and positioning systems and the (mis)use of location data gathered through these systems?  

• Which conditions apply to requests for location data from LBS providers?

• Which powers exist for the police to order LBS providers to preserve (‘freeze’) location data?

• Is there a requirement for data retention?  

The legal framework will be assessed from a number of EU jurisdictions, (for example the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, the UK), and possibly from US law. Because of the different approaches to privacy and law enforcement, as well as in employment law, this will make an interesting comparison. 

D11.6: Survey on Mobile Identity Management (& LBS