Title: ALTERNATIVE LEGAL SAFEGUARDS FOR RISK PROFILING: ADEQUATE REMEDIES AND DUE PROCESSING.

In this section the twofold role which alternative data protection safeguards (see for other suggestions: Dinant, 2008) could play in protecting individuals’ freedoms are presented. 

In the first place it will explore what could be done in those cases where the damage has already been done: once the decision has been made on the basis of the profile, the data subject should be protected from harmful consequences through a strict application of the principle of transparency and adequate mechanisms of redress. 

In the second place it will present a safeguard for the protection of the freedom of individual citizens before the decision-making takes place: not by due process but by due processing. This would involve an independent board that the processing is done in accordance with the rights of individual citizens: e.g., the integrity of the data and the strict respect of the purpose principle to guarantee the accuracy, accountability and legitimacy of the processing.